郭庆华

郭庆华，男，现任中国科学院植物研究所研究员，博士生导师，中国科学院无人机应用与管控研究中心副主任。美国加州大学伯克利分校获得博士学位，回国前系加州大学默塞德分校环境工程学院创始教授。2012年创建中国科学院植物研究所数字生态研究组，研究领域包括地理信息系统和遥感算法及其生态环境应用，如环境遥感，激光雷达数据处理，生态位模拟。发表相关领域论文近110篇，其中SCI论文86篇，出版专著《激光雷达森林生态应用——理论、方法及实例》一部。 ^[1]

1991/09-1996/07，北京大学城市与环境学系，学士学位；

1996/09-1999/07，北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所，硕士学位；

1999/09-2005/07，美国加州大学伯克利分校环境与生态学系，博士学位。^[2]

2005/07-2016/07,美国加州大学默塞德分校，正教授；

2012/02至今，中科院植物研究所，研究员；

2015/03至今，中国科学院大学，岗位教师。^[2]

长期从事遥感和地理信息系统方法及其在生态环境中的应用研究。主要开展以激光雷达为核心传感器、融合多源遥感信息批量提取和反演植被三维结构和功能参数方面的数字生态领域相关研究，目前研究工作主要围绕以下5个方向开展：

1）激光雷达技术的软硬件研发及其在森林和城市生态学中的应用； 

2）作物表型信息通量化提取软硬件系统集成；

3）物种分布模型算法（地理一类数据）研究和生物多样性格局模拟应用；

4）多源、多尺度生态遥感大数据融合、计算与信息发布；

5）在区域、全球尺度上应用多源遥感数据结合生态模型，模拟和预测气候变化和土地利用变化对陆地生态系统结构、功能(如碳循环，生物多样性等)的影响。^[2]

2019/10/01至今，林草高新技术成果推广应用专业委员会，副主任；

2019/08/31至今，《生物多样性》期刊，副主编；

2019/06/01至今，国际华人地理信息科学学会，主席；

2018/10/01至今，国际地球学会中国国家委员会第二届激光雷达专业委员会，委员；

2018/03/01至今，中国科学院无人机管控中心，副主任；

2018/03/01至今，Remote Sensing期刊，编委；

2017/09/01至今，地理信息科学系列，编委；

2016/06/30至今，美国加州大学内华达研究所，客座教授；

2016/02/01至今，中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室学术委员会，副主任。^[2]

​1）基于Lidar数据的大规模三维森林可视化场景建立方法,发明专利号ZL201410601968.X;2017/8/25

2）室内作物表型检测系统,实用新型专利号ZL201620424843.9;2016/10/5

3）田间作物表型数据高通量采集系统,实用新型专利号ZL201621206071.8;2016/11/09。^[2]

​1）2014 ERDAS Award for Best Scientific Paper in Remo,一等奖,其他,2014

2）2013 Talbert Abrams Award(塔尔伯特·艾布拉姆斯奖),一等奖,其他,2013^[2]

Estimation of Degraded Grassland Aboveground Biomass Using Machine Learning Methods from Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data,Ecological Indicators,2020-01,通讯作者Separating The Structural Components of Maize for Field Phenotyping Using Terrestrial Lidar Data and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2019-12,通讯作者Canopy and Terrain Interactions Affecting Snowpack Spatial Patterns in the Sierra Nevada of California, Water Resources Research,2019-12,第5作者Estimating Aboveground Biomass of The Mangrove Forests on Northeast Hainan Island in China Using An Upscaling Method From Field Plots, UAV-LiDAR Data and Sentinel-2 Imagery,Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinformation,2019-12,第5作者生态遥感新锐——轻小型无人机的应用,热带地理,2019-12,通讯作者Efficiency of Extreme Gradient Boosting for Imbalanced Land Cover Classification from VHR Images Using an Extended Margin and Disagreement performance,ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2019-12,第5作者A Novel Framework to Automatically Fuse Multi-platform Lidar Data in Forest Environments Based on Tree Locations,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2019-12,其他（合作组作者）An Object-Based Strategy for Improving The Accuracy of Spatiotemporal Satellite Imagery Fusion for Vegetation Mapping Applications,Rmote Sensing,2019-12,通讯作者The Influences of Vegetation Characteristics on Individual Tree Segmentation Methods with Airborne Lidar Data,Remote Sensing,2019-12,通讯作者Stem-leaf segmentation and phenotypic trait extraction of individual maize using terrestrial LiDAR data, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2019-03,通讯作者A Simple and Integrated Approach for Fire Severity Assessment Using Bi-Temporal Airborne Lidar Data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation,2019-01,第8作者Evaluating Maize Phenotype Dynamics Under Drought Stress Using Terrestrial Lidar,Plant Methods,2019-01,通讯作者The Transferability of Random Forest in Canopy Height Estimation from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data,Remote Sensing,2018-01,通讯作者Evaluating The Uncertainty of Landsat-Derived Vegetation Indices in Quantifying Forest Fuel Treatments Using Bi-Temporal Lidar Data, Ecological Indicators,2018-01,第6作者VBRT:A Novel Voxel-Based Radiative Transfer Model for Heterogeneous Three-Dimensional Forest Scenes,Remote Sensing of Environment,2018-01,第2作者An Ensemble of Classifiers Based on Positive and Unlabeled Data in One-Class Remote Sensing Classification,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2018-01,第6作者Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel-2,Landsat 8 and Pleiades-1 in Mapping Mangrove Extent and Species,Remote Sensing,2018-01,通讯作者Crop3D—A Lidar Based Platform for 3D High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping,Science China Life Sciences,2018-01,第1作者One-Class Remote Sensing Classification: One-Class vs. Binary Classifiers,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2018-01,第4作者Deep Learning: Individual Maize Segmentation From Terrestrial Lidar Data Using Faster R-CNN and Regional Growth Algorithms,Frontiers in Plant Science,2018-01,其他（合作组作者）Retrieving 2-D Leaf Angle Distributions for Deciduous Trees From Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2018-01,通讯作者A Comparison of LiDAR Filtering Algorithms in Vegetated Mountain Areas,Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2018-01,通讯作者Simple Method for Direct Crown Base Height Estimation of Individual Conifer Trees Using Airborne Lidar Data,Optics Express,2018-01,通讯作者Artificial Mangrove Species Mapping Using Pléiades-1: An Evaluation of Pixel-Based and Object-Based Classifications with Selected Machine Learning Algorithms,Remote Sensing,2018-01,第5作者A Global Corrected SRTM DEM Product for Vegetated Areas,Remote Sensing Letters,2018-01,通讯作者基于站点的生物多样性星空地一体化遥感监测,生物多样性,2018-01,第7作者基于激光雷达数据的物种分布模拟:以美国加州内华达山脉南部区域食鱼貂分布模拟为例,生物多样性,2018-01,第6作者中国生物多样性大数据平台建设,中国科学院院刊,2018,第5作者高通量作物表型监测:育种和精准农业发展的加速器,中国科学院院刊.2018,第1作者遥感在生物多样性研究中的应用进展,生物多样性,2018,第1作者Unsupervised Object-Based Differencing for Land-Cover Change Detection,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2017-01,第3作者Mapping Regional Urban Extent Using NPP-VIIRS DNB and MODIS NDVI Data,Remot Sensing,2017-01,第3作者Impact of Error in Lidar-Derived Canopy Height and Canopy Base Height on Modeled Wildfire Behavior in the Sierra Nevada,California,USA,Remote Sensing,2017-01,第7作者Emerging Stress and Relative Resiliency of Giant Sequoia Groves Experiencing Multiyear Dry Periods in a Warming Climate,Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2017-01,通讯作者Fine-Resolution Forest Tree Height Estimation Across The Sierra Nevada Through The Integration of Spaceborne Lidar,Airborne Lidar,and Optical Imagery,International Journal of Digital Earth,2017-01,通讯作者An Integrated UAV-Borne Lidar System for 3D Habitat Mapping in Three Forest Ecosystems across China,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017-01,第1作者Evaluation of Modeled Global Vegetation Carbon Dynamics: Analysis Based on Global Carbon Flux and Above-Ground Biomass Data,Ecological Modelling,2017-01,通讯作者Global Patterns of Woody Residence Time and Its Influence on Model Simulation of Aboveground Biomass, Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2017-01,通讯作者Comparison of Canopy Cover Estimations From Airborne LiDAR, Aerial Imagery, and Satellite Imagery,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2017-01,通讯作者Quantifying Individual Tree Growth and Tree Competition Using Bi-Temporal Airborne Laser Scanning Data: A Case Study in The Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, International Journal of Digital Earth,2017-01,通讯作者Retrieving The Gap Fraction, Element Clumping Index, And Leaf Area Index of Individual Trees Using Single-Scan Data From A Terrestrial Laser Scanner,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2017-01,通讯作者One-Class Classification of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas Using a Presence and Background Learning Algorithm,Remote Sensing,2017,第4作者Mapping Global Forest Aboveground Biomass with Spaceborne LiDAR, Optical Imagery, and Forest Inventory Data,Remote Sensing,2016-01,通讯作者Derivation,Validation,and Sensitivity Analysis of Terrestrial Laser Scanning-Based Leaf Area Index,Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2016-01,通讯作者Influence of Terrain Aspect on Water Partitioning,Vegetation Structure and Vegetation Greening in High-Elevation Catchments in Northern New Mexico,Ecohydrology,2016-01,第5作者Forest Fuel Treatment Detection Using Multi-Temporal Airborne Lidar Data and High-Resolution Aerial Imagery:A Case Study in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,California,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2016-01,通讯作者The Influence of Meteorology and Phenology on Net Ecosystem Exchange in An Eastern Siberian Boreal Larch Forest,Journal of Plant Ecology,2016-01,通讯作者Crop 3D—基于激光雷达技术的作物高通量三维表型测量平台,中国科学:生命科学,2016-01,第1作者生物多样性近地面遥感监测中的应用现状与展望,生物多样性,2016-01,第1作者无人机在生物多样性遥感监测中的应用现状与展望,生物多样性,2016-01,第1作者Global Patterns and Determinants of Forest Canopy Height,Ecology,2016-01,通讯作者Spatial Distribution of Forest Aboveground Biomass in China:Estimation Through Combination of Spaceborne Lidar,Optical Imagery,And Forest Inventory Data,Remote Sensing of Environment,2016-01,通讯作者Improved Progressive Tin Densification Filtering Algorithm for Airborne Lidar Data in Forested Areas,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2016-01,通讯作者Spatial Scale and Pattern Dependences of Aboveground Biomass Estimation from Satellite Images:A Case Study of the Sierra National Forest,California,Landscape Ecology,2016-01,通讯作者A Vegetation Mapping Strategy for Conifer Forests by Combining Airborne Lidar Data and Aerial Imagery.Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,通讯作者SRTM DEM Correction in Vegetated Mountain Areas through the Integration of Spaceborne LiDAR,Airborne LiDAR,and Optical Imagery,Remote Sensing,2015-01,通讯作者Segmenting Tree Crowns from Terrestrial and Mobile Lidar Data by Exploring Ecological Theories,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015-01,通讯作者Global Patterns,Trends,And Drivers of Water Use Efficiency From 2000 to 2013,Ecosphere,2015-01,通讯作者Rapid Loss of Lakes on The Mongolian Plateau,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2015-01,第9作者Evaluating Short-and Long-Term Impacts of Fuels Treatments and Simulated Wildfire on An Old-Forest Species,Ecosphere,2015-01,第6作者Mapping US Urban Extents from MODIS Data Using One-Class Classification Method,Remote Sensing,2015-01,通讯作者Terrestrial Lidar Remote Sensing of Forests: Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Canopy Profile, Leaf Area Index,And Leaf Angle Distribution,Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015-01,第4作者Canopy Conductance in A Two-Storey Siberian Boreal Larch Forest,Russia,Hydrological Processes,2015-01,通讯作者Lidar with Multi-Temporal Modis Provide A Means to Upscale Predictions of Forest Biomass,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015-01,通讯作者A Geometric Method for Wood-Leaf Separation Using Terrestrial and Simulated Lidar Data,Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,2015,通讯作者激光雷达在森林生态系统监测模拟中的应用现状与展望,科学通报,2014-01,第1作者A New Accuracy Assessment Method for One-Class Remote Sensing Classification,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2014-01,通讯作者A Practical Method for Srtm Dem Correction Over Vegetated Mountain Areas,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2014-01,通讯作者A Bottom-Up Approach to Segment Individual Deciduous Trees Using Leaf-Off Lidar Point Cloud Data,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2014-01,通讯作者Comparison of Elevation and Remote Sensing Derived Products as Auxiliary Data for Climate Surface Interpolation,International Journal of Climatology,2014-01,通讯作者An Analysis Of Probability of Area Techniquesfor Missing Persons in Yosemite National Park,Applied Geography,2014-01,通讯作者Space-Time Analyses for Forecasting Future Incident Occurrence:A Case Study from Yosemite National Park Using The Presence and Background Learning Algorithm,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014-01,通讯作者Lidar Measurement of Seasonal Snow Accumulation Along An Elevation Gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada,Californi,Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2014-01,第5作者Lidar-Derived Snowpack Datasets from Mixed Conifer Forests Across the Western U.S.Water Resources Research,2014-01,第2作者Airborne Lidar-Derived Volume Metrics for Aboveground Biomass Estimation:A Comparative Assessment for Conifer Stands,Agricultural and Forest Meteorolog,2014-01,通讯作者面向对象的高分辨率影像单值分类耕地提取方法研究,测绘通报,2014-01,第4作者Restoration of Information Obscured by Mountainous Shadows through Landsat TM/ETM+ Images without the Use of DEM Data:A New Method,IEEE Trans.on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2014,第3作者How to Assess the Prediction Accuracy of Species Presence–Absence Models,Ecography,2013-01,通讯作者A Network Extension of Species Occupancy Models in a Patchy Environment Applied to the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus),Plos One,2013-01,第7作者Expert versus Machine:A Comparison of Two Suitability Models for Emergency Helicopter Landing Areas in Yosemite National Park,Professional Geographer,2013-01,通讯作者Tradeoffs Between Lidar Pulse Density and Forest Measurement Accuracy,Remote Sensing of Environment,2013-01,第2作者Delineating Individual Trees from Lidar Data: A Comparison of Vector-and Raster-based Segmentation Approaches,Remote Sensing,2013-01,第3作者Redicting Surface Fuel Models and Fuel Metrics Using Lidar and CIR Imagery in a Dense,Mountainous Forest,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2013-01,第2作者Analysing The Effects of The 2002 Mcnally Fire on Air Quality in The San Joaquin Valley and Southern Sierra Nevada,California,International Journal of Wildland Fire,2012-01,第6作者Does Adding Multi-Scale Climatic Variability Improve Our Capacity to Explain Niche Transferability in Invasive Species,Ecological Modelling,2012-01,第4作者A Software Framework for Classification Models of Geographical Data,Computers & Geosciences,2012-01,第2作者Mapping Swamp Timothy (Crypsis Schoenoides) Seed Productivity Using Spectral Values and Vegetation Indices in Managed Wetlands,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012-01,第3作者Allometric Equation Choice Impacts Lidar-Based Forest Biomass Estimates:A Case Study from the Sierra National Forest,CA,Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012-01,第2作者Characterizing Habitats Associated with Fisher Den Structures in Southern Sierra Nevada Forests Using Discrete Return Lidar,Forest Ecology and Management,2012-01,第3作者湿地高分辨率遥感影像的变化检测,中国农业科学,2012-01,第2作者A Framework for Supervised Image Classification with Incomplete Training Samples,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2012,第1作者A New Method for Segmenting Individual Trees from the Lidar Point Cloud.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2012,通讯作者Correlation Between Soil Apparent Electroconductivity and Plant Hyperspectral Reflectance in A Managed Wetland,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2011-01,通讯作者A Positive and Unlabeled Learning Algorithm for One-Class Classification of Remote-Sensing Data,IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2011-01,通讯作者Reducing Mis-registration and Shadow Effects on Change Detection in Wetlands,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2011-01,通讯作者Georeferencing Incidents from Locality Descriptions and its Applications:a Case Study from Yosemite Can we model the probability of presence of species without absence data,Ecography,2011,通讯作者Predicting potential distributions of geographic events using one-class data: concepts and methods,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2011,第1作者Spatially Extensive Estimates of Annual Accumulation in The Dry Snow Zone of The Greenland Ice Sheet Determined from Radar Altimetry,Cryosphere,2010-01,第8作者A New Method of Pseudo Absence Data Generation in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping with A Case Study of Shenzhen,Science China-Technological Sciences,2010-01,第4作者ModEco:An integrated software package for ecological niche modeling,Ecography,2010,第1作者Effects of topographic variability and Lidar sampling density on several DEM interpolation methods, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2010,第1作者A Maximum Entropy Approach to One-Class Classification of Remote Sensing Imagery,International Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,通讯作者Annual Accumulation for Greenland Updated Using Ice Core Data Developed During 2000-2006 and Analysis of Daily Coastal Meteorological Data,Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2009-01,第2作者Locality Uncertainty and The Differential Performance of Four Common Niche-Based Modeling Techniques,Biodiversity Informatics,2009-01,第4作者Positioning Localities Based on Spatial Assertions,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009-01,通讯作者Georeferencing Locality Descriptions and Computing Associated Uncertainty Using A Probabilistic Approach,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2008-01,第1作者Towards A General Field Model and Its Order in GIS,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2008-01,第3作者A Framework of Region-Based Spatial Relations for Non-Overlapping Features And Its Application in Object Based Image Analysis,ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,2008-01,通讯作者An Object-Based Classification Approach in Mapping Tree Mortality Using High Spatial Resolution Imagery,Giscience & Remote Sensing,2007-01,第1作者Modeling The Risk of A New Invasive Forest Disease in The United Sates: An Evaluation of Five Environmental Niche Models,Computer,Environment and Urban System,2007-01,第2作者Characterizing Spatial-Temporal Tree Mortality Patterns Associated With A New Forest Disease,Forest Ecology and Management.2007-01,第4作者Upscaling Fluxes From Tower to Landscape:Overlaying Tower Flux Footprint Calculations on High Resolution (IKONOS) vegetation density images,Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006-01,第2作者Automatic Registration of Airborne Images With Complex Local Distortion,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2006-01,第4作者Support Vector Machines for Predicting Distribution of Sudden Oak Death in California,Ecological Modelling,2005-01,第1作者Interpretation of Scale in Paired Quadrat Variance Methods,Journal of Vegetation Science,2004-01,第1作者A Comparison of Standard and Hybrid Classifier Methods for Mapping Hardwood Mortality in Areas Affected By "Sudden Oak Death",Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2004-01,第3作者Variation in A Satellite-Based Vegetation Index in Relation to Climate in China,Journal of Vegetation Science,2004-01,第4作者The Point-Radius Method for Georeferencing Locality Descriptions and Calculating Associated Uncertainty,International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2004-01,第2作者Increasing Net Primary Production in China from 1982 to 1999,Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2003-01,第5作者Interannual Variations of Monthly and Seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi) in China from 1982 to 1999,Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2003-01,第4作者利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力,植物生态学报,2001-01,第3作者1982—1999年我国植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化,北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001-01,第3作者深圳市龙华地区城镇用地动态模型建设及模拟研究,生态学报,2000-01,第3作者东莞市风岗镇景观人工改造活动的空间分析,生态学报,1999-01,第2作者珠江三角洲东部常平地区景观异质性研究,地理学报,1999-01,第3作者珠江三角洲东部地区常平镇景观组分转移模式及动态变化研究,地理科学,1999-01,第3作者我国水青冈属植物的地理分布格局及其与地形的关系,植物学报,1999-01,第2作者北方森林草原生态过渡带的遥感研究,北京大学学报(自然科学版),1999-01,第1作者景观格局空间分辨率效应的实验研究─以珠江三角洲东部地区为例,北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998-01,第2作者江三角洲东部地区小城镇景观动态变化研究──以东莞市常平镇为例,应用基础与工程科学学报,1998-01,第3作者东莞市景观生态演化特征的分析,中国环境科学,1997-01,第2作者^[2]

激光雷达森林生态应用:理论、方法及实例,高等教育出版社,2018-02,第1作者^[2]

全球气候变化下物种分布模型的不确定性研究,主持,国家级,2013-01--2016-12碳循环-气候变化互馈作用及地球系统敏感性,参与,国家级,2013-01--2017-12作物全生育期通量化无损表型分析技术研发,主持,部委级,2013-08--2017-12基于地面激光雷达的森林结构参数提取和真实景观三维建模整合性研究,主持,国家级,2015-01--2018-12全自动、高分辨率、高通量植物真三维影像分析系统（Plant 3D）,主持,部委级,2015-01--2016-12基于地面观测与近地面遥感数据融合的生态系统评估参照系数据集构建,主持,国家级,2016-07--2020-12森林群落精细结构提取及其内在规律研究,主持,部委级,2017-08--2020-12植被遥感与生物多样性变化,主持,部委级,2018-01--2022-12示范区资源清查,主持,部委级,2017-07--2018-06基于近地面移动遥感测量平台的森林资源调查新方法研究,主持,国家级,2020-01--2023-12基于无人机航空器遥感的生态系统关键参数立体观测,主持,部委级,2018-01--2019-12^[2]

生态资源研究中的数据挖掘：应用与前景中国资源大数据2019年学术年会,2019-12-19Data Mining in Digital Ecosystem,2019-11-08Near-surface remote sensing shed a new light on the biodiversity observation,2018美国地球物理联合会(AGU)秋季会议,2018-12-09UAV and Mobile Lidar Surveying for Forestry Management,2018-10-15“Implementation of UAV-borne lidar system based on Velodyne HDL-32E and its application in urban and forest mapping”,2017-09-15生物多样性和栖息地的三维植被结构制图第八届亚太全球总和地球观测系统(GEOSS)国际研讨会,2015-09-09Phenomobile: a Lidar-based canopy digitisation platform for cereals in the field,2014-06-01^[2]