诱导公式(英文名:induction formula[1])是三角学的基本公式之一,即把求任意角三角函数值转化为求锐角三角函数的值,而且各个三角函数之间也可相互转化,这些函数之间相互转化的关系可以用一系列公式表示,这些公式统称为诱导公式。[2]
诱导公式包括不换函数名的诱导公式和更换函数名的诱导公式。其中,不换函数名的诱导公式有、、和与之间转化的公式,更换函数名的诱导公式有和与之间转化的公式。[12]有此区分,公式可总结出奇变偶不变、符号看象限的口诀。[11]此外,诱导公式可以应用在求值和化简上,简化求解步骤。[3]
定义
诱导公式:用自变量的三角函数表示自变量为、、、、和的三角函数的等式,叫做三角函数的诱导公式,其中是使等式有意义的任意角。[12]
不换函数名
(1)角的诱导公式
;[7]
;[7]
;[7]
;[7][13]
;[7][13]
。[7][13]
(2)角的诱导公式
;[8]
;[8]
;[8]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
(3)角的诱导公式
;[8]
;[8]
;[8]
;[9]
;[6]
。[6]
(4)角的诱导公式
;[14]
;[14]
;[14]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
(5)角的诱导公式
;[9]
;[9]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
更换函数名
(1)角的诱导公式
;[9]
;[9]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
(2)角的诱导公式
;[10]
;[10]
;[10]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
(3)角的诱导公式
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
(4)角的诱导公式
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
;[6]
。[6]
两角和公式
;[15]
;[15]
;[15]
;[15][16]
;[15][16]
。[15][16]
两角差公式
;[15]
;[15]
;[15]
;[15][16]
;[15][16]
。[15][16]
证明
正弦
(1)
,令,,证毕。[17][18]
(2)
,令,,证毕。[17][18]
(3)
,令,,变换变量名,令,,证毕。[17][18]
(4)
,令,,证毕。[17][18]
(5)
,令,,证毕。[17][18]
规律
诱导公式可归纳为的形式,则诱导公式的口诀可概括为“奇变偶不变,符号看象限”。[19]
(1)“变”与“不变”是指三角函数名是否改变。[19]
(2)“奇”“偶”是对中的整数来讲的。[19]
(3)“象限”指中,将看做锐角时,所在的象限,再根据“一全正,二正弦,三正切,四余弦”,即第一象限内各三角函数值的符号均为正;第二象限内正弦值为正;第三象限内正切值为正;第四象限内余弦值为正的符号规律确定原函数值的符号。[19]
途径
诱导公式有两个应用途径:[20]
(1)求值:负化正,大化小,化到锐角为终了。[20]
(2)化简:统一角,统一名,同角名少为终了。[20]
举例
(1)求值:
例题:求的值。[21]
解答:
。[21]
(2)化简:
例题:化简。[22]
解答:
。[22]
参考资料 22
- https://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000008002835&d=72D18CFC350FE59F388DC1099025795A
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- http://www.zhengzhifl.cn/n/dsrqw/book/base/10528918/97727ca00eb049649e6930ed3295fda4/ffbf51d31396d5be0abe8581fd5af0be.shtml?dm=-1805745327&dxid=000000924812&tp=dsrquanwen&uf=1&userid=676&bt=qw&firstdrs=https%253A%252F%252Fbook.duxiu.com%252FbookDetail.jsp%253FdxNumber%253D000000924812%2526d%253DF8A1B0B4438B67D65E5C3BAC06638FE7&pagetype=6&sKey=%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F&sch=2+%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F&searchtype=qw&template=dsrquanwen&zjid=000000924812_12
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- https://book.duxiu.com/bookDetail.jsp?dxNumber=000007411953&d=C4FCED552D568557D78DE6BC5B151686