邵峰

邵峰，男，1972年1月出生于江苏省淮安市，1996年毕业于北京大学，2003年在美国密西根大学生物化学系获得博士学位，中国科学院院士，北京市第十六届人大教育科技文化卫生委员会委员，清华大学生物医学交叉研究院讲席教授。^[2][3]

1980年至1988年，邵峰在流均镇读完小学、初中。1988年至1991年，邵峰就读于江苏省淮安中学高中部。^[4][5]2005年，邵峰在哈佛大学医学院完成博士后训练后回国，在北京生命科学研究所建立实验室，开始独立研究生涯。^[6]2011年，邵峰获得药明康德生命化学研究奖；^[5]同年，邵峰实验室找到了细胞内的第一个受体分子——识别细菌鞭毛蛋白；2014年，邵峰实验室又发现了两个新的受体——针对内毒素和另一类细菌外毒素的感知蛋白。2015年，邵峰实验室又发现了这些受体下游促使细胞炎性坏死的关键蛋白质，为败血症临床治疗开辟了新的渠道；^[6]次年，邵峰当选为美国微生物学院会士；2019年，邵峰当选为德国国家科学院院士。^[3]2022年9月27日，邵峰凭借在细胞焦亡（pyroptosis）领域的原创性发现获得2022年度威廉·科利奖。^[7]2023年9月2日，获得2022年度陈嘉庚科学奖生命科学奖。^[8]

邵峰是国际感染与免疫学家，长期研究病原细菌和宿主相互作用机理。在肿瘤免疫领域，首次发现细胞焦亡可诱导机体产生高效的抗肿瘤免疫活性，领导细胞焦亡领域快速成为国际科学前沿的热点。^[3]

邵峰先后荣获霍华德·休斯研究所青年科学家奖、吴阶平—保罗·杨森医学药学奖、周光召杰出青年基础科学奖和国家杰出青年基金。2013年，邵峰作为首位大陆本土科学家荣获国际蛋白质学会颁发的鄂文·西格青年科学家奖。^[6]

1980年至1988年，邵峰在流均镇读完小学、初中。1988年至1991年，邵峰就读于江苏省淮安中学高中部。1991年，邵峰考入北京大学技术物理系应用化学专业。1996年，邵峰毕业于北京大学技术物理系应用化学专业。1999年，邵峰获得中科院生物物理研究所分子生物学硕士学位，2003年邵峰获得美国密西根大学医学院生物化学博士学位，2004年至2005年，邵峰在哈佛大学医学院做博士后研究。^[4][5]

2015年，邵峰当选为中国科学院院士和EMBO的外籍成员；次年，邵峰当选为美国微生物学院会士（Fellow）；7月11日，邵峰做客国科大生命科学学院“科学前沿讲座”，为国科大学子们带来了题为《Cytosolic anti-bacteria immunity: sensing and execution》的报告；2019年6月，邵峰在微生物和免疫科学领域的成就被授予其德国国家科学院院士。^[9][10][11]

2019年9月7日，邵峰因其发现人体细胞内对病原菌内毒素LPS炎症反应的受体和执行蛋白的贡献获得“生命科学奖”；^[12]9月21日，邵峰获得2019年度“求是杰出科学家奖”。^[13]

2024年6月13日，邵峰做客清华大学生命科学学院·院长杰出讲坛，以“ Pyroptosis and Innate Immunity: Mechanisms and Therapeutics Potentials ”为题展开了一场学术报告，并与现场师生亲切交流。^[14]

邵峰是国际著名感染与免疫学家，长期研究病原细菌和宿主相互作用机理。邵峰在抗细菌感染领域，鉴定了多个具全新活性的病原菌毒力因子；在炎症和免疫领域，发现多个针对细菌的免疫受体分子，并首次鉴定了免疫受体下游促发细胞焦亡的关键执行蛋白Gasdermin，进而重新定义了细胞焦亡的概念；在肿瘤免疫领域，首次发现细胞焦亡可诱导机体产生高效的抗肿瘤免疫活性，领导细胞焦亡领域快速成为国际科学前沿的热点。^[3]

邵峰实验室主要致力于研究病原微生物如何感染致病和宿主免疫如何识别和清除入侵病原的分子机制，已发现、鉴定了3个识别细菌主要模式分子的重要免疫受体/感知蛋白，形成了细胞质抗细菌天然免疫识别的基本理论框架体系，为细菌疫苗和疫苗佐剂的开发提供了新的思路和方向。^[6]

邵峰实验室把目光聚焦于细胞内的受体研究。2011年，找到了细胞内的第一个受体分子——识别细菌鞭毛蛋白；2014年，他们又发现了两个新的受体——针对内毒素和另一类细菌外毒素的感知蛋白。2015年，他们又发现了这些受体下游促使细胞炎性坏死的关键蛋白质，为败血症临床治疗开辟了新的渠道。^[6]

邵峰每年只招两个学生，有合适人选的话也会招一名博士后。从这个实验室走出去的博士、博士后，都取得了不错的成绩。超过一半的毕业生在学习期间以第一作者身份在顶级国际期刊上发表过文章，毕业后绝大部分到国内、国外的一流高校研究所深造，已经有几位在学术界崭露头角。^[6]

在实验室，邵峰除了赶写文章，还会和学生一起做研究，包括指导实验设计、解决实验问题、分析结果。周一下午安排学生作工作总结报告，周二、周三上午分别与两组学生和博士后开半天学术分享会，大家展示原始数据、分享新发现和问题并讨论。周五下午花半天讨论他人文章。此外，邵峰还针对个别实验单独开会，解答学生问题、讨论后续实验方向。^[6]

邵峰实验室已发表论文50多篇，被国际同行引用4000多次。邵峰以通讯作者身份在《自然》《科学》《细胞》等三大国际顶级学术期刊上发表论文9篇，研究成果多次被权威专家和学术杂志重点评述。^[6]

类型标题期刊年份研究论文Structural mechanisms for regulation of GSDMB pore-forming activityNature2023年研究论文Shigella evades pyroptosis by arginine ADP-riboxanation of caspase-11Nature2021年研究论文Granzyme A from cytotoxic lymphocytes cleaves GSDMB to trigger pyroptosis in target cellsScience2020年研究论文A bioorthogonal system reveals antitumour immune function of pyroptosisNature2020年研究论文Structural mechanism for GSDMD targeting by autoprocessed caspases in pyroptosisCell2020年研究论文A Bacterial effector reveals the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis that initiates xenophagyCell2019年研究论文Alpha-kinase 1 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor for bacterial ADP-heptoseNature2018年研究论文Ubiquitination and degradation of GBPs by a Shigella effector to suppress host defenseNature2017年研究论文Chemotherapy drugs induce pyroptosis through caspase-3 cleavage of a GasderminNature2017年研究论文Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the Gasdermin familyNature2016年研究论文Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell deathNature2015年研究论文An iron-containing dodecameric heptosyltransferase family modifies bacterial autotransporters in pathogenesisCell Host & Microbe2014年研究论文Inflammatory caspases are innate immune receptors for intracellular LPSNature2014年研究论文Innate immune sensing of bacterial modifications of Rho GTPases by the Pyrin inflammasomeNature2014年研究论文Pathogen blocks host death receptor signaling by arginine GlcNAcylation of death domainsNature2013年研究论文Human NAIP and mouse NAIP1 recognize bacterial type III secretion needle protein for inflammasome activationProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2013年研究论文Structurally distinct bacterial TBC-like GAPs link Arf GTPase to Rab1 inactivation to counteract host defensesCell2012年研究论文Cysteine methylation disrupts ubiquitin-chain sensing in NF-kB activationNature2012年研究论文The NLRC4 inflammasome receptors for bacterial flagellin and type III secretion apparatusNature2011年研究论文Glutamine deamidation and dysfunction of ubiquitin/NEDD8 induced by a bacterial effector familyScience2010年研究论文The phosphothreonine lyase activity of a bacterial type III effector familyScience2007年综述论文综述论文Structural mechanisms of calmodulin activation of Shigella effector OspC3 to ADP-riboxanate caspase-4/11 and block pyroptosisNature Structural & Molecular Biology2023年综述论文Configuration-specific antibody for bacterial heptosylation: an antiadhesion therapeutic strategyJournal of the American Chemical Society2022综述论文Subversion of GBP-mediated host defense by E3 ligases acquired during Yersinia pestis evolutionNature Communications2022综述论文Calmodulin binding activates Chromobacterium CopC effector to ADP-riboxanate host apoptotic caspasesMbio2022综述论文Gasdermin D is the only Gasdermin that provides non-redundant protection against acute Salmonella gut infectionbioRxiv2022综述论文ARF GTPases activate Salmonella effector SopF to ADP-ribosylate host V-ATPase and inhibit endomembrane damage-induced autophagyNature Structural & Molecular Biology2022综述论文H7N9 virus infection triggers lethal cytokine storm by activating gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis of lung alveolar epithelial cellsNational Science Review2022综述论文Bacterial detection by NAIP/NLRC4 elicits prompt contractions of intestinal epithelial cell layersProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2021综述论文NLRP3 inflammasome induces CD4+ T cell loss in chronically HIV-1–infected patientsThe Journal of Clinical Investigation2020综述论文N-GSDMD trafficking to neutrophil organelles facilitates IL-1β release independently of plasma membrane pores and pyroptosisNature communications2020综述论文Structural mechanism for guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) targeting by the Shigella E3 ligase IpaH9. 8PLoS pathogens2019综述论文Inflammasome activation triggers blood clotting and host death through pyroptosisImmunity2019综述论文Structural and functional insights into host death domains inactivation by the bacterial arginine GlcNAcyltransferase effectorMolecular Cell2019综述论文Innate immunity to intracellular LPSNature Immunology2019综述论文The N-end rule ubiquitin ligase UBR2 mediates NLRP1B inflammasome activation by anthrax lethal toxinEMBO2019综述论文Ne-fatty acylation of multiple membrane-associated proteins by Shigella IcsB effector to modulate host functionNature Microbiology2018综述论文Synthetic glycan-based TLR4 agonists targeting Caspase-4/11 for the development of adjuvants and immunotherapeuticsChem. Sci.2018综述论文Sequence determinants of specific pattern-recognition of bacterial ligands by the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasomeCell Discovery2018综述论文A hybridization-chain-reaction-based method for amplifying immunosignalsNature Methods2018综述论文Gasdermin D plays a key role as a pyroptosis executor of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in humans and miceJ Hepatol.2018综述论文Nε-Fatty acylation of Rho GTPases by a MARTX toxin effectorScience2017综述论文Bacterial effector NleL promotes enterohemorrhagic E. coli-induced attaching and effacing lesions by ubiquitylating and inactivating JNKPLoS Pathogen2017综述论文Epithelial cells detect functional type III secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli through a novel NF-κB signaling pathwayPLoS Pathogen2017综述论文Modulation of membrane phosphoinositide dynamics by the phosphatidylinositide 4-kinase activity of the Legionella LepB effectorNature Microbiology2016综述论文Growth inhibition of cytosolic Salmonella by caspase-1 and caspase-11 precedes host cell deathNature Communications2016综述论文Site-specific phosphorylation and microtubule dynamics control Pyrin inflammasome activationProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2016综述论文Reversible lysine acetylation is involved in DNA replication initiation by regulating activities of initiator DnaA in Escherichia coliSci Rep.2016综述论文A Burkholderia type VI effector deamidates Rho GTPases to activate the Pyrin inflammasomeCell Host & Microbe2016综述论文Genetic functions of the NAIP family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in miceJournal of Experimental Medicine2016综述论文An endogenous caspase-11 ligand elicits interleukin-1 release from living dendritic cellsScience2016综述论文Structural and biochemical basis for induced self-propagation of NLRC4Science2015综述论文A polar-localized iron-binding protein determines the polar targeting of Burkholderia BimA autotransporter and actin tail formationCellular Microbiology2015综述论文Structure and Specificity of the Bacterial Cysteine Methyltransferase Effector NleE Suggests a Novel Substrate in Human DNA Repair PathwayPLoS Pathogens2014综述论文A structural mechanism for bacterial autotransporter glycosylation by a dodecameric heptosyltransferase familyeLife2014综述论文Synthesis and Specific Antibody Generation of Glycopeptides with Arginine N-GlcNAcylationAngew Chem Int Ed Engl.2014综述论文Structural basis of the ultrasensitive calcium indicator GCaMP6SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences2014综述论文SET-domain bacterial effectors target heterochromatin protein 1 to activate host rDNA transcriptionEMBO Reports2013综述论文Structural analyses of a Legionella RabGAP effector reveal a new GAP fold that catalytically mimics eukaryotic RasGAPCell Research2013综述论文The Shigella Type Three Secretion System Effector OspG Directly and Specifically Binds to Host Ubiquitin for ActivationPLoS One2013综述论文Structural mechanism of ubiquitin and NEDD8 deamidation catalyzed by bacterial effectors that induce macrophage-specific apoptosisProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2012综述论文VipD of Legionella pneumophila targets activated Rab5 and Rab22 to interfere with endosomal trafficking in macrophagesPLoS Pathogen2012综述论文Preventing bacterial DNA release and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome activation by a Legionella effector functioning in membrane traffickingProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2012综述论文Toll-like receptors activate programmed necrosis in macrophages through a receptor-interacting kinase-3–mediated pathwayProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2011综述论文Total Synthesis of the G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Inhibitor Psilostachyin CThe Journal of Organic Chemistry2011综述论文Chemical probing reveals insights into the signaling mechanism of inflammasome activationCell Research2010综述论文A bacterial effector targets host DH-PH domain RhoGEFs and antagonizes macrophage phagocytosisThe EMBO J.2010综述论文Structural mechanism of host Rab1 activation by the bifunctional Legionella type IV effector SidM/DrrAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2010综述论文A Legionella type IV effector activates the NF-κB pathway by phosphorylating the IκB family of inhibitorsProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2009综述论文Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily conserved BTB adaptors to control actin cytoskeleton structure and cell movementMol. Cell2009综述论文A family of bacterial cysteine protease type III effectors utilizes acylation-dependent and -independent strategies to localize to plasma membranesJ. Biol. Chem.2009综述论文A bacterial type III effector family uses the papain-like hydrolytic activity to arrest the host cell cycleProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2009综述论文Structure of a Shigella effector reveals a new class of ubiquitin ligasesNature Structural & Molecular Biology2008综述论文Structural insights into the enzymatic mechanism of the pathogenic MAPK phosphothreonine lyaseMol. Cell2008综述论文A Pseudomonas syringae effector inactivates MAPKs to suppress PAMP-induced immunityCell Host & Microbe2007综述论文Identification of a bacterial type III effector family with G-protein mimicry functionsCell2006综述论文Signaling from p53 to NF-kappaB determines chemotherapy responsiveness of neuroblastomaNeoplasia2006综述论文The crystal structure of Pseudomonas avirulence protein AvrPphB: a papain-like fold with a distinct substrate-binding siteProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2004综述论文Cleavage of Arabidopsis PBS1 by a bacterial type III effectorScience2003综述论文Biochemical characterization of the YersiniaYopT protease: cleavage site and recognition elements in Rho GTPasesProc. Natl. Acad. Sci.2003综述论文A Yersinia effector and a Pseudomonas avirulence protein define a family of cysteine proteases functioning in bacterial pathogenesisCell2002综述论文NF-kappa B activation mediates doxorubicin-induced cell death in N-type neuroblastoma cellsJ. Biol. Chem.2001综述论文Molecular characterization of an anti-epilepsy peptide from the scorpion Buthus martensi KarschEur. J. Biochem.2001综述论文A new antifungal peptide from the seeds of Phytolacca americana: characterization, amino acid sequence and cDNA cloningBiochim. Biophys. Acta1999综述论文Expression and purification of the BmK M1 neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensii KarschProtein Expr. Purif.1999综述论文The Yersinia Type III Secretion System as a Tool for Studying Cytosolic Innate Immune SurveillanceAnnual Review of Microbiology2020综述论文The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammationNature Reviews Immunology2020综述论文Growing a gasdermin pore in membranes of pyroptotic cellsThe EMBO J.2018综述论文Molecular mechanism and immunological function of pyroptosisSCIENTIA SINICA2019综述论文Bacterial infection and symbiosisMol Biol Cell2018综述论文Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018Cell Death & Differentiation2018综述论文Mechanisms of Inflammasome ActivationJ Mol Biol.2018综述论文SnapShot: The Noncanonical InflammasomeCell2017综述论文Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-mediated programmed necrotic cell deathTrends in Biochemical Sciences2017综述论文Diverse mechanisms for inflammasome sensing of cytosolic bacteria and bacterial virulenceCurrent Opinion in Microbiology2016综述论文Sweet talk: protein glycosylation in bacterial interaction with the hostTrends in Microbiology2015综述论文The NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome in innate immune detection of bacterial flagellin and type III secretion apparatusImmunological Reviews2015综述论文Non-canonical activation of inflammatory caspases by cytosolic LPS in innate immunityCurrent Opinion in Immunology2014综述论文The immunological function of familial Mediterranean fever disease protein PyrinSCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences2014综述论文NLRC5: a NOD-like receptor protein with many faces in immune regulationCell Research2012综述论文Sensing bacterial infections by NAIP receptors in NLRC4 inflammasome activationProtein & Cell2012综述论文Manipulation of host vesicular trafficking and innate immune defense by Legionella Dot/Icm effectorsCell. Microbiol.2011综述论文Biochemistry and cell signaling taught by bacterial effectorsTrends in Biochemical Sciences2011综述论文Biochemical functions of Yersinia type III effectorsCurrent Opinion in Microbiology2008综述论文Yersinia effectors target mammalian signaling pathwaysCell. Microbiol.2002

以上仅收录部分内容^[15]

担任职务美国微生物学院会士中国科学院院士德国国家科学院院士EMBO的外籍成员《eLife》编委《Cellular Microbiology》编委《中国科学：生命科学》编委北京市第十六届人大教育科技文化卫生委员会委员第十四届全国政协委员

参考资料^[16][2][17]

邵峰平时不苟言笑，其实脾气很温和，有时也会和学生们开玩笑。唯一发脾气的时候，就是看到我们的实验仪器摆放得不规整、实验习惯糟糕，因为这会直接影响实验结果。^[6]（学生李鹏 评）

邵峰思想纯洁，积极进取，学习认真，思维敏捷，头脑灵活，有钻研精神。有独特的见解，在学习上有较大的潜力可挖。邵峰“有创造精神”，将来前途不可限量。^[5]（班主任汪时俊老师 评）

无论以哪种标准，他都是一颗学术明星。他发表的科研文章，在其领域内极少有人与之媲美。^[5]（博士生导师、美国科学院院士、霍华德·休斯医学研究所的科研副总裁Jack Dixon 评）

邵峰发现人体细胞内对病原菌内毒素LPS炎症反应的受体和执行蛋白。^[4]（2019年未来科学大奖生命科学奖 评）