聪加语

聪加语（聪加语：Xitsonga/英语：Tsonga）属尼日尔-刚果语系大西洋-刚果语族。聪加语是南非和津巴布韦官方语言之一。在莫桑比克、斯威士兰、津巴布韦也有相当数量的使用者。

聪加语的时态基本上包括现在时、现在进行时、过去时和将来时等；

现在时态是由人称代词和动词一起构成的。

现在时例句：

Ndzi lava mali – I want money.

Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.

Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?

U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.

而现在进行时，一般来说，指示在目前的一个人正在进行的状态。

现在进行时例句：

dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.

Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.

Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.

Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.

Wa hemba – S/He is lying.

而过去时依照所参照的词有3种不同的形式：

在过去时中，第一种情况，如果谓语动词结尾有-a，那么在句中，这个词的字母a要去掉，并且接上-ile这个后缀，如：

Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.

Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.

U hembile – You lied.

U hembile – S/He lied.

Va hembile – They lied.

过去时中，第二种情况，如果谓语动词结尾有-ala，在句中，这个词的去掉-ala，改加--ele或 -ale.，如

ku rivala – to forget

Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot

Ku nyamalala – To disappear

U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared

Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.

Ku karhala – To be tired.

Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.

第三种情况，把动词的-a改为-e即可，如：

Ku fika – To arrive

U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday.

Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday.

Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.

Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house.

在将来时中，主语与谓语间加--ta即可，如：

Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house.

Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We will work all day.

Va ta tirha siku hinkwaro – They will work all day.

Mi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – You(pl.) will work all day.

聪加语英语N'weoneMbirhitwoNharhuthreeMunefourNtlhanufiveTsevusixNkombosevenNhungueightKayenineKhumetenKhume (na) n'we / Khumen'weelevenKhume (na) mbirhi / KhumembirhitwelveKhume (na) nharhu / KhumenharhuthirteenMakhume mambirhi / MakumembirhitwentyMakhume manharhu / MakumenharhuthirtyMune wa makhume / MakumemunefortyNtlhanu wa makhume / MakumentlhanufiftyDzanahundredGidithousand

PhraseXitsonga (Tsonga)Welcome-Hello (General greeting)Xewani　　Avuxeni (sg)　　Ahee (reply)Hello(on phone)-How are you?Kunjhani? (sg)　　Minjhani? (pl/frm)Reply to 'How are you?'Ni kona　　Ndzi kona　　Ndzi kona ndza nkhensaLong time no see-What's your name?Hi wena mani vito?　　Hi wena mani vito ra wena? (frm))　　U wa ka mani xivongo? (What is your surname?)My name is ...Hi mina ...　　Vito ra mina i...Where are you from?U huma kwihi? (sg)　　Mi huma kwihi? (pl)I'm from ...Ndzi huma e ...Pleased to meet youNi tsakele ku ku tiva (sg)　　Ni tsakele ku mi tiva (pl/frm)Good morning　　(Morning greeting)AvuxeniGood afternoon　　(Afternoon greeting)Inhlikanhi (sg)　　IndzenghaGood evening　　(Evening greeting)Riperile (sg)　　ImadyambuGood nightU etlela kahle (sg -sleep well)　　Mi etlela kahle (pl)Goodbye　　(Parting phrases)Sala kahle (sg -to person staying)　　Salani kahle (pl/frm -to person staying)　　Famba kahle (sg -to person leaving)　　Fambani kahle (pl/frm -to person leaving)Good luck!Ndzi ku navelela mikatekoCheers! Good Health!　　(Toasts used when drinking)-Have a nice dayU va ni siku lerinene (sg)　　Mi va ni siku lerinene (pl)Bon appetit /　　Have a nice meal-Bon voyage /　　Have a good journeyFamba hi ku rhula!I understandNa swi twisisaI don't understandA ni swi twisisiYesInaNoE-eMaybe-I don't knowA ndzi tiviPlease speak more slowlyVulavula hi ku nonoka u nga hatlisiPlease say that againNi kombela u vula sweswo nakambePlease write it downSwi tsale ehansiDo you speak English?Xana wa xitiva Xinghezi ke?Do you speakTsonga?Xana wa xitiva Xitsonga ke?Yes, a little　　(reply to 'Do you speak ...?')-Speak to me inTsonga-How do you say ... inTsonga?Hi Xitsonga u ri yini loko u ku ...?Excuse meNdzi khomeleniHow much is this?Xana i malimuni?　　Xi durha malimuni?SorryNdzi kombela ku khomeriwaPleaseNdza kombelaThank youNdza nkhensa　　Ndzi khense ngopfu　　Inkomu swineneReply to thank youU amukelekile (sg)　　Mi amukelekile (pl/frm)Where's the toilet?Xana xi kumeka kwihi xihambukelo?This gentleman will pay for everything-This lady will pay for everything-Would you like to dance with me?-I miss you-I love youNdza ku rhandzaGet well soon-Go away!-Leave me alone!-Help!Ndzi pfuneni!Fire!-Stop!-Call the police!Vitanani maphorisa!Christmas and New Year greetingsA ku vi Khisimusi lerinene naswona a ku vi lembe lerintshwa lerineneEaster greetings-Birthday greetingsNdzi tlangela siku ro velekiwaOne language is never enough-My hovercraft is full of eelsWhy this phrase?-