鹪鹩科(Troglodytidae )是鸟纲雀形目中的一个科。共有17属80种,鹪鹩多是小型、短胖、十分活跃的鸟类,鹪鹩颜色为褐色或灰色,翅膀和尾巴有黑色条斑。它们的翅膀短而圆,尾巴短而翘。大部分身长为10-15厘米。喜欢居住在潮湿的地方,在森林下部活动,几乎主要以昆虫和蜘蛛为生。在现在已知的368种物种和亚物种当中,绝大部分是新大陆的原生物种,主要是在热带地区。只有1种(7亚种)生活在中国,即其模式种鹪鹩,在美洲被称为冬鹪鹩。
外形特征
鹪鹩科属小型鸟类,体长多在20cm以下,是鸣禽。嘴长直而较细弱,先端稍曲,无嘴须,即有也很少而细。鼻孔裸露或部分及全部被有鼻膜。翅短而圆,初级飞羽10枚。尾短小而柔软,尾羽大多12枚,亦有8或10枚者。跗蹠强健,具盾状鳞,趾及爪发达。羽被柔软厚密,羽色大都红褐、灰褐、橄榄褐色,常具白色、淡棕、黑褐色点斑、条纹、横斑,部分种类有栗色、白色块斑。
分布范围
生活习性
生长繁殖
该科种类
(80种,368亚种)
曲嘴鹪鹩属
Campylorhynchus(13种,42亚种) 01 白头曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus albobrunneus White-headed Wren (2种)
02 棕曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Cactus Wren (8种)
03 大曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus chiapensis Giant Wren
04 横斑曲嘴鹪鹩 Campylorhynchus fasciatus Fasciated Wren (2种)
05 灰曲嘴鹪鹩 Campylorhynchus griseus Bicolored Wren (5种)
06 斑曲嘴鹪鹩 Campylorhynchus gularis Spotted Wren
07 波氏曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus jocosus Boucard’s Wren
08 灰斑曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus megalopterus Grey-barred Wren (2种)
09 纹背曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus nuchalis Stripe-backed Wren (3种)
10 棕颈曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus rufinucha Rufous-napped Wren (6种)
11 拟鸫曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus turdinus Thrush-like Wren (3种)
12 尤卡曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus yucatanicus Yucatan Cactus Wren
13 斑背曲嘴鹪鹩Campylorhynchus zonatus Band-backed Wren (7种)
墨西哥鹪鹩属
棕鹪鹩属
Cinnycerthia (4种,8亚种)
15 茶色鹪鹩Cinnycerthia fulva Fulvous Wren (3种)
16 夏氏鹪鹩Cinnycerthia olivascens Sharpe’s Wren
17 棕褐鹪鹩Cinnycerthia peruana Sepia-brown Wren
18 棕鹪鹩Cinnycerthia unirufa Rufous Wren(3种)
沼泽鹪鹩属
Cistothorus (4种,37亚种)
19 阿氏沼泽鹪鹩Cistothorus apolinari Apolinar’s Wren (2种)
20 沼泽鹪鹩Cistothorus meridae Paramo Wren
21 长嘴沼泽鹪鹩Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren (14种)
22 短嘴沼泽鹪鹩Cistothorus platensis Sedge Wren (20种)
歌鹪鹩属
Cyphorhinus (3种,16亚种)
23歌鹪鹩Cyphorhinus aradus Musician Wren (8种)
24 鸣鹪鹩Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus Song Wren (6种)
25 栗胸歌鹪鹩Cyphorhinus thoracicus Chestnut-breasted Wren (2种)
黑顶鹪鹩属
Donacobius (1种,4亚种)
26 黑顶鹪鹩Donacobius articapillus Black-capped Donacobius (4种)
扎巴鹪鹩属
Ferminia (1种)
27 扎巴鹪鹩Ferminia cerverai Zapata Wren
林鷦鹩属
Henicorhina (3种 32亚种)
28灰胸林鹩Henicorhina leucophrys Gray-breasted Wood Wren (18种)
29 斑翅林鹩Henicorhina leucoptera Bar-winged Wood-wren
30 白胸林鹩Henicorhina leucosticta White-breasted Wood Wren (13种)
细嘴鹪鹩属
Hylorchilus(2种)
31 细嘴鹪鹩Hylorchilus sumichrasti Slender-billed Wren
32 内氏鹪鹩Hylorchilus navai Nava’s Wren
纹鹪鹩属
Kenopia(1种)
33 纹鹪鹩Kenopia striata Striped Wren Babbler
斑翅鹪鹩属
Microcerculus (4种,14亚种)
34 斑翅鹪鹩Microcerculus bambla Wing-banded Wren (3种)
35 鳞胸鹪鹩Microcerculus marginatus Scaly-breasted Wren (6种)
36 夜莺鹪鹩Microcerculus philomela Nightingale Wren
37 笛声鹪鹩Microcerculus ustulatus Flutist Wren (4种)
锯嘴鹪鹩属
Odontorchilus (2种,3亚种)
38 灰背锯嘴鹪鹩Odontorchilus branickii Gray-mantled Wren (2种)
39 锯嘴鹪鹩Odontorchilus cinereus Tooth-billed Wren
岩鹪鹩属
Salpinctes (1种,6亚种)
40 岩鹪鹩Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren (6种)
高山林鹩属
Thryorchilus(1种,3亚种)
41 高山林鹩Thryorchilus browni Timberline Wren (3种)
苇鹪鹩属
Thryothorus (28种、123亚种)
42 · 黑喉苇鹪鹩Thryothorus atrogularis Black-throated Wren
43 · 比氏苇鹪鹩Thryothorus bewickii Bewick’s Wren (16种)
44 · 科拉苇鹪鹩Thryothorus coraya Coraya Wren (10种)
45 · 印加苇鹪鹩Thryothorus eisenmanni Inca Wren
46 · 淡尾苇鹪鹩 Thryothorus euophrys Plain-tailed Wren (4种)
47 · 黑腹苇鹪鹩 Thryothorus fasciatoventris Black-bellied Wren (3种)
48 · 快乐苇鹪鹩 Thryothorus felix Happy Wren (6种)
49 · 须苇鹪鹩Thryothorus genibarbis Moustached Wren (4种)
50 · 灰苇鹪鹩Thryothorus griseus Grey Wren
51 · 褐胸苇鹪鹩Thryothorus guarayanus Fawn-breasted Wren
52 · 纹喉苇鹪鹩Thryothorus leucopogon Stripe-throated Wren (2种)
53 · 黄胸苇鹪鹩Thryothorus leucotis Buff-breasted Wren (11种)
54 · 长嘴苇鹪鹩Thryothorus longirostris Long-billed Wren (2种)
55 · 卡罗苇鹪鹩Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina Wren (7种)
56 · 斑胸苇鹪鹩Thryothorus maculipectus Spot-breasted Wren (4种)
57 · 纯色苇鹪鹩Thryothorus modestus Plain Wren (2种)
58 · 髯苇鹪鹩Thryothorus mystacalis Whiskered Wren (8种)
59 · 尼氏苇鹪鹩Thryothorus nicefori Niceforo’s Wren
60 · 栗苇鹪鹩Thryothorus nigricapillus Bay Wren (7种)
61 · 斑苇鹪鹩Thryothorus pleurostictus Banded Wren (7种)
62 · 棕白苇鹪鹩Thryothorus rufalbus Rufous-and-white Wren (6种)
63 · 棕胸苇鹪鹩Thryothorus rutilus Rufous-breasted Wren (7种)
64 · 鳞胸苇鹪鹩Thryothorus sclateri Speckle-breasted Wren (3种)
65 · 滨苇鹪鹩Thryothorus semibadius Riverside Wren
66 · 斑臀苇鹪鹩Thryothorus sinaloa Sinaloa Wren (3种)
67 · 黑头苇鹪鹩Thryothorus spadix Sooty-headed Wren (2种)
68 · 纹眉苇鹪鹩Thryothorus superciliaris Superciliated Wren (2种)
鹪鹩属
Troglodytes (10种,68亚种)
70 莺鹪鹩Troglodytes aedon House Wren (2种)
71 科氏鹪鹩Troglodytes cobbi Cobb’s Wren
72 圣岛鹪鹩Troglodytes monticola Santa Marta Wren
73 赭鹪鹩Troglodytes ochraceus Ochraceous Wren(3种)
74 棕眉鹪鹩Troglodytes rufociliatus Rufous-browed Wren(4种)
75淡红鹪鹩Troglodytes rufulus Tepui Wren (6种)
76 索科罗苇鹪鹩Troglodytes sissonii Socorro Wren
77 山鹪鹩Troglodytes solstitialis Mountain Wren (5种)
78 号声鹪鹩Troglodytes tanneri Clarion Wren
79 冬鹪鹩Troglodytes troglodytes Wren (44种)
白腹鹪鹩属
Uropsila(1种)
80 白腹鹪鹩Uropsila leucogastra White-bellied Wren
保护等级
全部列入《世界自然保护联盟》(IUCN)ver 3.1:2009年鸟类红色名录。