何祖华

何祖华，男，出生于1962年11月，来自浙江省绍兴市诸暨市山下湖镇，毕业于浙江大学，中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心研究员，研究组长，博士生导师。^[1][2][3]

何祖华1979年至1986年在浙江农业大学攻读学士和硕士学位，毕业后留校任教。1996，何祖华获得浙江大学博士学位。^[4][3]1997年2月—1998年12月，何祖华在美国索尔克生物研究所植物细胞和分子生物学实验室从事博士后研究。^[3][5]1999年1月—2000年8月，何祖华在美国加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校植物病理系从事博士后研究工作。^[3]2000年11月，何祖华担任中国科学院上海生命科学研究院的研究员和博导。^[3]2008年1月，何祖华担任上海市政协委员。^[3]2017年，何祖华与研究组在国际顶尖学术期刊《科学》上发表广谱和持久抗稻瘟病机制。^[6]2020年4月，何祖华担任中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心的研究员、博导。^[3]2021年12月，何祖华研究团队的研究成果在国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志刊登。^[6]2023年7月24日，国际著名学术期刊Nature Communications在线发表了何祖华研究组联合云南大学生命科学中心刘军钟研究组与中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所曹晓风研究组合作完成的的研究论文，揭示了OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3模块平衡水稻耐热性和抗病性的机制。^[7]同年11月22日，何祖华当选中国科学院院士。^[1]

何祖华在广谱抗病机制与育种理论上取得了重大突破，还建立了抗病与产量性状互作的创新研究领域。^[8]还曾获得第二届中国农学会青年科技奖、国家级教学成果奖二等奖、“国家自然科学奖”二等奖、第二届全国创新争先奖、上海市最美科技工作者等多个奖项。^[2][3]

何祖华1979年至1986年在浙江农业大学攻读学士和硕士学位，毕业后留校任教。1992年9月，何祖华担任浙江大学生物技术研究所副教授。^[3]1996，何祖华获得浙江大学植物分子生物学和植物病理学博士学位。1997年至2000年，何祖华分别在美国加州Salk研究所植物细胞和分子生物学实验室、加州大学Davis分校植物病理系从事博士后科研工作。^[4][3]

2000年11月，何祖华担任中国科学院上海生命科学研究院的研究员和博导。^[3]2004年10月31日，何祖华担任中国植物生理与分子生物学学会秘书长和副理事长。2007年，何祖华获得国务院特殊津贴。^[3]2008年1月1日，何祖华担任上海市政协委员。^[3]2017年，何祖华与研究组在国际顶尖学术期刊《科学》上发表广谱和持久抗稻瘟病机制。^[6]2019年8月1日，何祖华担任中国植物生理与分子生物学学会监事长。^[3]

2020年4月，何祖华担任中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心的研究员、博导。^[3]2021年12月16日，国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志刊登了何祖华研究团队的重大发现。该研究揭示出一个全新的植物基础免疫代谢调控网络，并由此找到了通过加强水稻天然免疫力，长期筑起稻瘟病“防护墙”的抗病策略。^[6]2023年7月24日，国际著名学术期刊Nature Communications在线发表了何祖华研究组联合云南大学生命科学中心刘军钟研究组与中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所曹晓风研究组合作完成的题为“The OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module orchestrates abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in rice”的研究论文，揭示了OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3模块平衡水稻耐热性和抗病性的机制。^[7]同年11月22日，两院院士增选结果公布，共有133人当选。其中，中国科学院增选院士59人，中国工程院增选院士74人，何祖华当选中国科学院院士。^[1]

何祖华的主要研究方向为植物抗病信号转导、功能基因和信号途径互作。 其主要研究模式为植物（水稻和拟南芥）抗病调控基因的克隆与信号转导, 重点研究水稻对真菌病害（稻瘟病和纹枯病）和拟南芥对水稻病害非寄主抗性的调控机制和信号途径，尤其是作物广谱抗病的基因及其分子机制；植物抗病（SA，JA途径）与发育（GA和auxin）和逆境信号间的cross-talk，逆境信号记忆机制；水稻重要农艺性状功能基因及其对田间（基础）抗病性的调节，并致力于广谱抗病和高产水稻资源的创造，目标是高抗与高产性状的协调与平衡。研究主要涉及分子遗传、植物病理学、细胞生物学、生物化学与生物信息学。^[3]

何祖华在广谱抗病机制与育种理论上取得重大突破。抗病性是育种的主要目标之一，稻瘟病是水稻的“癌症”，我国水稻品种审定采用抗瘟性“一票否决”制，但广谱与持久抗病的问题一直无法解决。其课题组发掘了广谱抗瘟位点Pigm，经过长期研究发现其编码两个序列相似但功能拮抗的受体，通过蛋白互作和表观遗传调控广谱持久抗病与产量的平衡，由此解析了一种全新的植物免疫和广谱抗病机制，有效地解决了抗瘟育种的瓶颈问题，成果已被广泛应用于分子育种，已有品种大面积推广。其课题组揭示水稻广谱抗病NLR免疫受体蛋白通过保护初级防卫代谢通路免受病原菌攻击，协同整合植物基础抗病性（PTI）和专化性抗性（ETI）两层免疫系统，赋予水稻广谱抗病性的新机制；系统解析细胞死亡因子等调控广谱抗病的新机制，并创造性地研究免疫嵌合受体的信号激发, 由此发现新的植物逆境记忆机制。^[8]

何祖华建立了抗病与产量性状互作的创新研究领域。抗病性往往伴随产量下降等抗性代价，机制复杂，是高抗高产育种的关键制约因子，受不同激素信号的调控。其在国际上较早提出抗病与产量等农艺性状协调的理念，并通过系统剖析激素（SA，JA，GA等）交互作用，水稻钙离子感受器ROD1精细调控水稻免疫反应从而减低广谱抗病引起的生存代价、平衡生殖生长-产量性状等，受体激酶ER调控细胞死亡新机制等，将植物免疫与发育和抗逆信号耦合，创立了抗病—生理性状互作的理论体系，研究理念受到国际上广泛的认同。此外，为结合高抗与高产性状，课题组长期研究重要生理性状形成机制及其对田间抗性的影响，拓宽了植物病理研究方向，也为育种家创造了优异的高抗高产育种材料。^[8]

Zuhua He, Shanice Webster, Sheng Yang He* (2022). Growth–defense trade-offs in plants. Current Biology 32, R634-R6392. Hui Lin, Muyang Wang, Ying Chen, Kinya Nomura, Shugang Hui, Jinshan Gui, Xiawei Zhang, Yue Wu, Jiyun Liu, Qun Li, Yiwen Deng, Laigeng Li, Meng Yuan, Shiping Wang, Sheng Yang He, Zuhua He* (2022). An MKP-MAPK protein phosphorylation cascade controls vascular immunity in plants. Science Advances 8, eabg87233. Keran Zhai#, Di Liang#, Helin Li, Fangyuan Jiao, Bingxiao Yan, Jing Liu, Ziyao Lei, Li Huang, Xiangyu Gong, Xin Wang, Jiashun Miao, Yichuan Wang, Ji-Yun Liu, Lin Zhang, Ertao Wang, Yiwen Deng, Chi-Kuang Wen, Hongwei Guo, Bin Han and Zuhua He* (2021). NLRs guard metabolism to coordinate pattern- and effector-triggered immunity. Nature 601, 245-2514. Mingjun Gao, Yang He, Xin Yin, Xiangbin Zhong*, Bingxiao Yan, Yue Wu, Jin Chen, Xiaoyuan Li, Keran Zhai, Yifeng Huang, Xiangyu Gong, Huizhong Chang, Shenghan Xie, Jiyun Liu, Jiaxing Yue, Jianlong Xu, Guiquan Zhang, Yiwen Deng, Ertao Wang, Didier Tharreau, Guo-Liang Wang, Weibing Yang* and Zuhua He* (2021). Ca2+ sensor-mediated ROS scavenging suppresses rice immunity and is exploited by a fungal effector. Cell 184, 5391-94045. Bin Ma, Lin Zhang, Qifei Gao, Junmin Wang, Xiaoyuan Li, Hu Wang, Yu Liu, Hui Lin, Jiyun Liu, Xin Wang, Qun Li, Yiwen Deng, Weihua Tang?*, Sheng Luan* and Zuhua He* (2021) A plasma membrane transporter coordinates phosphate reallocation and grain filling in cereals. Nature Genetics, 53, 906–9156. Fudan Chen, Bingxiao Yan, Xiangyu Gong, Helin Li & Zuhua He* (2021) Genome sequencing of the bacterial blight pathogen DY89031 reveals its diverse virulence and origins of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains. SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences 64, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1917-x7. Wei Li, Yiwen Deng, Yuese Ning, Zuhua He* and Guo-Liang Wang* (2020) Exploiting Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Crops: From Molecular Dissection to Breeding. Annual Review of Plant Biology 71:25.1-25.298. Yiwen Deng, Yuese Ning, Dong-Lei Yang, Keran Zhai, Guo-Liang Wang* and Zuhua He*(2020) Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance and Perspectives on Breeding Strategies for Resistance Improvement in Crops. Molecular Plant 13, 1402-14199. Junzhong Liu* and Zuhua He* (2020) Small DNA Methylation, Big Player in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Memory. Frontiers in Plant Science doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.59560310. Yu Peng, Yingying Zhang, Yijie Gui, Dong An, Junzhong Liu, Xun Xu, Qun Li, Junmin Wang, Wen Wang, Chunhai Shi, Longjiang Fan, Baorong Lu, Yiwen Deng*, Sheng Teng* and Zuhua He* (2019) Elimination of a Retrotransposon for Quenching Genome Instability in Modern Rice. Mol Plant 12, 1395-140711. Keran Zhai, Yiwen Deng, Di Liang, Jun Tang, Jing Liu, Bingxiao Yan, Xin Yin, Hui Lin, Fudan Chen, Dongyong Yang, Zhen Xie, Jiyun Liu, Qun Li, Lin Zhang, Zuhua He* (2019) RRM Transcription Factors Interact with NLRs and Regulate Broad-Spectrum Blast Resistance in Rice. Mol Cell 74, 996–100912. Junzhong Liu, Lili Feng, Xueting Gu, Xian Deng, Qi Qiu, Qun Li, Yingying Zhang, Muyang Wang, Yiwen Deng, Ertao Wang, Yuke He, Isabel Baurle, Jianming Li, Xiaofeng Cao* and Zuhua He* (2019) An H3K27me3 demethylase-HSFA2 regulatory loop orchestrates transgenerational thermomemory in Arabidopsis. Cell Research 29:379–39013. Zhen Xie, Bingxiao Yan, Jianrao Shou, Ju Tang, Meizhong Luo, Yiwen Deng*, Zuhua He* (2019) An NBS-LRR receptor pair confers broad-spectrum disease resistance through coordinating association in rice. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 374, 2018030814. Xin Yin, Baohong Zou, Xuexue Hong, Mingjun Gao, Weibing Yang, Xiangbin Zhong, Yang He, Peng Kuai, Yonggen Lou, Jirong Huang, Jian Hua*, Zuhua He* (2018) Rice copine genes OsBON1 and OsBON3 function assuppressors of broad-spectrum disease resistance. Plant Biotechnology Journal 16(8):1476-148715. Mingjun Gao, Xin Yin, Weibing Yang, Sin Man Lam, Xiaohong Tong, Jiyun Liu, Xin Wang, Qun Li, Guanghou Shui, Zuhua He* (2017) GDSL Lipases modulate immunity through lipid homeostasis in rice. PLOS Pathogens 13(11), 100672416. Lin Zhang, Hong Yu, Bin Ma, Guifu Liu, Jianjun Wang, Junmin Wang, Rongcun Gao, Jinjun Li, Jiyun Liu, Jing Xu, Yingying Zhang, Qun Li, Xuehui Huang, Jianlong Xu, Jianming Li, Qian Qian, Bin Han, Zuhua He* & Jiayang Li* (2017) A natural tandem array alleviates epigenetic repression of IPA1 and leads to superior yielding rice. Nat Commun 8, 14789, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1478917. Yiwen Deng, Keran Zhai, Zhen Xie, Dongyong Yang, Xudong Zhu, Junzhong Liu, Xin Wang, Peng Qin, Yuanzhu Yang, Guomin Zhang, Qun Li, Jianfu Zhang, Shuangqing Wu, Jo?lle Milazzo, Bizeng Mao, Ertao Wang, Huaan Xie, Didier Tharreau, Zuhua He*(2017) Epigenetic regulation of antagonistic receptors confers rice blast resistance with yield balance. Science 355, 962-96518. Quanyuan You, Keran Zhai, Donglei Yang, Weibing Yang, Jingni Wu, Junzhong Liu, Wenbo Pan, Jianjun Wang, Xudong Zhu, Yikun Jian, Jiyun Liu, Yingying Zhang, Yiwen Deng, Qun Li, Yonggen Lou, Qi Xie, Zuhua He* (2016) An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-BAG Protein Module Controls Plant Innate Immunity and Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Cell Host & Microbe 20, 758-76919. Xiaozun Li, Donglei Yang, Li Sun, Qun Li, Bizeng Mao, and Zuhua He*(2016) The Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulator OsNPR1 Attenuates Growth by Repressing Auxin Signaling through Promoting IAA-Amido Synthase Expression. Plant Physiology 172: 546-55520. Hui Shen, Xiangbin Zhong, Fangfang Zhao, Yanmei Wang, Bingxiao Yan, Qun Li, Genyun Chen, Bizeng Mao, Jianjun Wang, Yangsheng Li, Guoying Xiao, Yuke He, Han Xiao, Jianming Li, Zuhua He* (2015) Overexpression of receptor-like kinase ERECTA improves thermotolerance in rice and tomato. Nature Biotechnology 33, 996-100321. Jing Xu, Lin Zhang, Donglei Yang, Qun Li, Zuhua He* (2015) Thymidine kinases share conserved function for nucleotide salvage and play essential role for arabidopsis thaliana growth and development. New Phytologist 208: 1089-110322. Dawei Yan, Xiaoming Zhang, Lin Zhang, Shenghai Ye, Longjun Zeng, Jiyun Liu, Qun Li, Zuhua He* (2015) CURVED CHIMERIC PALEA 1 encoding an EMF1-like protein maintains epigenetic repression of OsMADS58 in rice palea development. Plant J 82: 12-2423. Li Sun, Yu Kong, Donglei Yang, Ying Chen, Xiao-Zun Li, Long-Jun Zeng, Qun Li, Er-Tao Wang, Zu-Hua He* (2014) Sugar homeostasis mediated by cell wall invertase GIF1 plays a role in preexisted and induced defense in rice. Mol Plant Pathol. 15: 161-17324. Xiaodong Liu, Hong Zhang, Yang Zhao, Zhengyan Feng, Qun Li, Hong-Quan Yang, Sheng Luan, Jianming Li, Zu-Hua He* (2013) Auxin controls seed dormancy through stimulation of abscisic acid signaling by inducing ARF-mediated ABI3 activation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(38):15485-9025. Weibing Yang, Mingjun Gao, Xin Yin, Jiyun Liu, Yonghan Xu, Longjun Zeng, Qun Li, Shubiao Zhang, Junmin Wang, Xiaoming Zhang, Zuhua He* (2013) Control of Rice Embryo Development, Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance, and Grain Yield by a Novel Cytochrome P450 Mol Plant 6(6): 1945-96026. Si-Hui Zhong, Jun-Zhong Liu, Hua Jin, Lin Lin, Qun Li, Ying Chen, Yue-Xing Yuan, Zhi-Yong Wang,Hai Huang, Yi-Jun Qi, Xiao-Ya Chen, Hervé Vaucheret, Joanne Chory, Jianming Li*, and Zu-Hua He* (2013) Warm temperatures induce transgenerational epigenetic release of RNA silencing by inhibiting siRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(22): 9171-917627. Lin Lin, Si-Hui Zhong, Xiao-Feng Cui, Jianming Li, Zu-Hua He* (2012) Characterization of temperature sensitive mutants reveals a role for receptor-like kinase SCRAMBLED/STRUBBELIG in coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation during Arabidopsis leaf development. Plant J 72(5): 707-72028. Xiaohong Tong, Jinfeng Qi, Xudong Zhu, Bizeng Mao, Longjun Zeng, Baohui Wang, Qun Li, Guoxin Zhou, Xiaojing Xu, Yonggen Lou*, Zuhua He* (2012) The rice hydroperoxide lyase OsHPL3 functions in defense responses by modulating the oxylipin pathway. Plant J 71, 763-775]29. Dong-Lei Yang, Jian Yao, Chuan-Sheng Mei, Xiao-Hong Tong, Long-Jun Zeng, Qun Li, Lang-Tao Xiao, Tai-ping Sun, Jigang Li, Xing-Wang Deng, Chin Mei Lee, Michael F. Thomashow,Yinong Yang*, Zu-Hua He*, Sheng Yang He* (2012) Plant hormone jasmonate prioritizes defense over growth by interfering with gibberellin signaling cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: E1192-E120030. Yingying Zhang, Baichen Zhang, Dawei Yan, Weixin Dong, Weibing Yang, Qun Li, Longjun Zeng, Jianjun Wang, Linyou Wang, Leslie M. Hicks, Zuhua He* (2011) Two Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP714A1 and CYP714A2 function redundantly in plant development through gibberellin deactivation. Plant J. 67: 342-35331. Weibing Yang, Sulin Ren, Xiaoming Zhang, Mingjun Gao, Shenghai Ye, Yongbin Qi, Yiyan Zheng, Juan Wang, Longjun Zeng, Qun Li, Shanjin Huang, Zuhua He* (2011) BENT UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 encodes a class II formin FH5 crucial for actin organization and rice development. Plant Cell 23: 661-680.32. Wei Li, Sihui Zhong, Guojun Li, Qun Li, Bizeng Mao, Yiwen Deng, Huijuan Zhang, Longjun Zeng, Fengming Song*, Zuhua He* (2011) Rice RING protein OsBBI1 with E3 ligase activity confers broad-spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae by modifying the cell wall defence. Cell Res 21: 835-848.33. Ertao Wang, Jianjun Wang, Xudong Zhu, Wei Hao, Linyou Wang, Qun Li, Lixia Zhang, Wei He, Baorong Lu, Hongxuan Lin, Hong Ma, Guiquan Zhang and Zuhua He* (2008) Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication. Nature Genetics 40, 1370-137434. Yingying Zhang, Yongyou Zhu, Yu Peng, Dawei Yan, Qun Li, Jianjun Wang, Linyou Wang, Zuhua He* (2008) Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice. Cell Research 18, 412-42135. Zhu YY, Takahito Nomura, Xu YH, Zhang YY, Peng Y, Mao BZ, Atsushi Hanada, Zhou HC Wang RX, Li PJ, Zhu XD, Lewis Mander, Yuji Kamiya, Shinjiro Yamaguchi, and He ZH* (2006) ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that epoxidizes gibberellins in a novel deactivation reaction in rice. Plant Cell 18, 442-456^[8]

参考资料^[3]

参考资料^[2][3]

何祖华致力于教书育人，被评为优秀导师，培养毕业博士35名，其中2人获中科院优博论文，12人聘为教授，1人评为杰青。^[3]

何祖华来自农村，对水稻生产常受稻瘟病侵害而颗粒无收的状况深有感触，立志要解决这个问题，并不辞劳苦，潜心科研。^[15]（上观新闻评）